Over the years, as poker developed, clay poker chips developed right alongside it. They first appeared in the late 1870s or 1880s, as a response to the need for a more consistent way of keeping track of players’ winnings, other than the random coins, gold flakes or other valuable items that had been used before. Eventually, the practice of using such odds and ends was replaced by the creation of custom poker chips made of clay. The appearance of these chips began a history of development and refinement that has continued to this day.

Some of the early chips were made of bone, wood or even ivory, but clay chips soon began to dominate the game. They were created with metal molds in which the clay was placed and put under high pressure, to take on the desired shape. However, users discovered early on that chips made entirely of clay tended to be brittle and could break easily. So eventually the manufacturers added ceramic materials to the clay, to make the mixture stronger and more durable. Since that time, all poker chip sets have really been made of this clay-ceramic composite.

The development of clay poker chips didn’t stop once their basic formula had been established. Since they’d been introduced in the first place to reduce inconsistency and possible cheating, casinos went a step further and individualized these chips to correspond to whatever casino they came from. Proprietary clay formulas were created and patented by casinos, and they added special indicators on the chips themselves, so that any particular type could only be used and cashed at the establishment for which it was created.

However, the development of chips hasn’t stopped with the clay poker chips; they now have several competitors, and as always, fraud and security are the primary reasons. For example, many casinos have begun to use chips with a metal core overlain by a tough resin material. These are lighter than the original chips, but there are other differences as well, such as the fact that the newer chips might also carry markings that are only visible in ultraviolet light. From the clay chips first introduced on the steamboats to the new generation of casino chip that’s beginning to emerge, the poker chip has had a long and interesting history.

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